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Axe Monitor can test PDFs for accessibility issues. These are automated accessibility checks. Manual checks are also required.
WCAG 2.0 Level A & AA Rules
| Success Criterion | Issue Description | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1 | Images/Figures in PDF documents must have alternate text | Critical |
| 1.3.1 | Relevant table elements, properties, and associations must be utilized for data tables | Critical |
| 1.3.1 | Heading content must be tagged with a heading tag and level | Serious |
| 1.3.1 | Interactive form controls must have Labels/Tooltips associated | Critical |
| 1.3.1 | Appropriate and relevant list tags must be used to tag list content | Serious |
| 1.3.1 | Document must not contain untagged elements | Critical |
| 2.1.1 | Links must be tagged with Link tags with appropriate text object association | Critical |
| 2.4.2 | Document title must be provided | Serious |
| 2.4.4 | Links in PDF documents must have alternate replacement text | Moderate |
| 3.1.1 | Language definition in document Catalog | Serious |
| 3.1.2 | Language for passages or phrases must be specified where it does not match with the document language | Serious |
| 3.3.2 | Required fields must be identified both visually and programmatically | Serious |
| 4.1.2 | Form fields in PDF documents must include their name, role, state, and value information | Critical |
WCAG 2.0 Best Practices
Note: Best Practices checks are disabled by default.
| Success Criterion | Issue Description | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| 2.4.5 | Bookmarks should be utilized in long documents | Moderate |
PDF/UA Standards
| Success Criterion | Issue Description | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| 1:7.1-11 | For a document that has correct reading order, the Suspects key must not be set to True | Critical |
| 1:7.1-8 | Document must contain an XMP metadata stream | Serious |
| 1:5 | XMP metadata stream in the Catalog dictionary must include the PDF/UA identifier | Critical |
| 1:7.1-8 | XMP metadata stream must contain dc:title | Serious |
| 1:7.1-9 | ViewerPreferences dictionary of the Catalog dictionary must contain a DisplayDocTitle key | Serious |
| 1:7.1-9 | ViewerPreferences dictionary of the Catalog dictionary must contain a DisplayDocTitle key that has an appropriate value that is not false | Serious |
| 1:7.2-3 | Natural language for document metadata must be specified | Serious |
| 1:7.4.2-1 | First heading tag for the document must be <H1> | Serious |
| 1:7.4-1 | Heading levels must be used in the correct order and are not skipped | Serious |
| 1:7.4.4-3 | Document must not use both <H> and <H#> tags | Critical |
| 1:7.1-1 | Content marked as Artifact must not be present inside tagged content | Critical |
| 1:7.1-1 | Tagged content must not be present inside content marked as Artifact | Critical |
| 1:7.1-2 | Content must be either marked as Artifact or tagged as real content | Critical |
| 1:7.2-1 | Table-related structure element must conform to the syntax defined in ISO 32000-1, Table 337 | Critical |
| 1:7.2-1 | List-related structure element must conform to Table 336 in ISO 32000-1 | Serious |
| 1:7.2-1 | A TOC-related structure element must conform to Table 333 in ISO 32000-1 | Critical |
| 1:7.2-1 | A Ruby-related structure element must conform to Table 338 in ISO 32000-1 | Critical |
| 1:7.2-1 | A Warichu-related structure element must conform to Table 338 in ISO 32000-1 | Critical |
| 1:7.2-3 | Natural language for text in page content must be specified | Critical |
| 1:7.2-3 | Natural language for text in Alt, ActualText and E attributes must be specified | Serious |
| 1:7.2-3 | Natural language in the Contents entry for annotations must be specified | Serious |
| 7.3-3 | <Figure> tag alternative or replacement text must be present | Critical |
| 7.4.4-1 | Nodes must not contain more than one <H> tag | Critical |
| 7.7-1 | <Formula> tag must contain an Alt attribute | Critical |
| 1:7.7-2 | Unicode mapping requirements must be met | Serious |
| 1:7.18.1-4 | An annotation other than Link, Widget, or Popup and does not have a Contents key must have an alternative description | Critical |
| 1:7.18.1-4 | A hidden form field that does not have a TU key must have an alternative description in the enclosing structure element | Critical |
| 1:7.18.5-2 | A link annotation must include an alternate description in its Contents entry | Critical |
| 1:7.21.4.1-1 | A font used by text in the document must be embedded in the document | Serious |